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| prosodic_prominence [2022/07/15 08:35] – pm | prosodic_prominence [2022/09/06 14:52] (current) – franc.marusic |
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| ====== Prosodic prominence ====== | ====== Prosodic prominence ====== |
| For both Slovenian and BCS prosodic prominence is marked in across 8 columns – 4 for the infinitive, 4 for a present tense plural form. In order to determine prominence (for the purposes of the database: which part of the verb is stressed) each verb is cut into 4 parts. This is shown in the schema below for verb // pogl__**e**__dati, pogl__**e**__damo// ‘to look, we look’, which has the same meaning and stress placement in both Slovenian and BCS. The last line shows the annotation as found in the database. | For both Slovenian and BCS prosodic prominence is marked in across 8 columns – 4 for the infinitive, 4 for the 1st person plural present tense form. In order to annotate prominence (in Slovenian: stress, in BCS: High tone) each verb is cut into 4 parts, starting from the end of the word form. |
| | This is shown in the schema below for verb // pogl__**e**__dati, pogl__**e**__damo// ‘to look, we look’, which has the same meaning and prominence placement in both Slovenian and BCS (note that the stress placement is not the same, as the stress is on //po// in BCS). |
| | The last line shows the annotation as found in the database. |
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| ^verb ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^- ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ | |
| |verb| inf | tv |root | root |-| 1pl.present |TV | root |root | | |
| |verb| ti | a | gl**e**d |po |-| mo | a| gl**e**d |po | | |
| |pogeldati| | |1 | |-| | | 1 | | | |
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| | ^verb ^ 4 ^ 3 ^ 2 ^ 1 ^ - ^ 4 ^ 3 ^ 2 ^ 1 ^ |
| | | |all preceding syllables|base-final syllable| tv |inf|-|all preceding syllables|base-final syllable| tv | 1pl.present| |
| | | | po| gl**e**d |a | ti |-| po| gl**e**d | aa |mo| |
| | |pogledati| 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
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| As evident from the schema, the order in which we read the verb is changed – we start with the ending, followed by the theme vowel and then the root, which is separated into syllables when needed. We never go beyond 2 syllables per root, since this was not needed (if the verb is stressed on the root, this tends to be last syllable of the root). The stressed part of the verb is marked with 1, but since there is some variation between speakers, some verbs are marked with 1 and 2. We give more (language) specific instructions below. | |
| | As evident from the schema, the order in which we go through the verb is reversed – we start with the ending, followed by the theme vowel and then the base, which is split into the base-final syllable and all the preceding syllables. (This is because base-prominence is almost always on the last syllable of the base). The stressed part of the verb is marked with 1. Since there is some variation between speakers, some verbs are marked with 1 and 2. We give more (language) specific instructions below. |
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| ===== General instructions with examples ===== | ===== General instructions with examples ===== |
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| **General instructions with examples: Infinitives**\\ | **General instructions with examples: Infinitives**\\ |
| Prominence marked on 1: The prominence is on the inflection (e.g. archaic Slovenian cves-∅-tI ‘to bloom’, Serbo-Croatian nać__i__ ‘to find’).\\ | Prominence marked on 1: The prominence is on the inflection (e.g. archaic Slovenian //cves-∅-tI// ‘to bloom’, Serbo-Croatian //nać__i__// ‘to find’).\\ |
| Prominence marked on 2: The prominence falls on the theme vowel (or, if unclear, on the alternating sequence), e.g. Slovenian igr-A-ti 'to play', Serbo Croatian greb__a__ti 'to claw'.\\ | Prominence marked on 2: The prominence falls on the theme vowel, e.g., Slovenian //igr-A-ti// 'to play', Serbo Croatian //greb__a__ti// 'to claw'.\\ |
| Prominence marked on 3: The prominence falls on the final syllable of the stem, e.g., Slovenian glEd-a-ti 'to watch', Serbo-Croatian gl__e__dati 'to watch'.\\ | Prominence marked on 3: The prominence falls on the final syllable of the base, e.g., Slovenian //glEd-a-ti// 'to watch', Serbo-Croatian //gl__e__dati// 'to watch'.\\ |
| Prominence marked on 4: The prominence falls on a non-final syllable of the stem, e.g., Slovenian mAlic-a-ti 'to eat a snack', Serbo-Croatian dìrektorovati dir__e__ktorovati 'to act as a director'.\\ | Prominence marked on 4: The prominence falls on a non-final syllable of the stem, e.g., Slovenian //mAlic-a-ti// 'to eat a snack', Serbo-Croatian dìrektorovati //dir__e__ktorov-a-ti// 'to act as a director'.\\ |
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| **General instructions with examples: 1st person plural, present tense**\\ | **General instructions with examples: 1st person plural, present tense**\\ |
| Prominence marked on 1: The prominence is on the inflection, e.g. Slovenian, ve-∅-mO 'we know', Serbo-Croatian znam__o__ 'we know'. \\ | Prominence marked on 1: The prominence is on the inflection, e.g. Slovenian, //vemO// 'we know', Serbo-Croatian //znam__o__// 'we know'. \\ |
| Prominence marked on 2: The prominence falls on the theme (or, if unclear, on the alternating sequence), e.g., Slovenian igr-A-mo 'we play', Serbo-Croatian račun__a__mo 'we calculate'.\\ | Prominence marked on 2: The prominence falls on the theme vowel, e.g., Slovenian //igr-A-mo// 'we play', Serbo-Croatian // račun__a__mo// 'we calculate'.\\ |
| Prominence marked on 3: The prominence falls on the final syllable of the stem, e.g. Slovenian glEd-a-mo 'we watch', Serbo-Croatian gledamo 'we watch'.\\ | Prominence marked on 3: The prominence falls on the final syllable of the stem, e.g. Slovenian //glEd-a-mo// 'we watch', Serbo-Croatian //gl__e__damo// 'we watch'.\\ |
| Prominence marked on 4: The prominence falls on a non-final syllable of the stem, e.g. Slovenian mAlic-a-mo 'we snack', Serbo-Croatian dir__e__ktorujemo 'we act as a director'.\\ | Prominence marked on 4: The prominence falls on a non-final syllable of the stem, e.g. Slovenian //mAlic-a-mo// 'we snack', Serbo-Croatian //dir__e__ktoru-je-mo// 'we act as a director'.\\ |
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| Example below shows how prominence is marked (for BCS and Slovenian) for the verb //gl**e**dati// 'to watch'. | Example below shows how prominence is marked (for BCS and Slovenian) for the verb //gl**e**dati// 'to watch'. |
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| ^verb^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^- ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ | ^verb^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^- ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ |
| |gledati| | |1 | |-| | | 1 | | | |gledati| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
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| ===== Language specific instructions ===== | ===== Language specific instructions ===== |
| **Language specific instructions: BCS**\\ | **Language specific instructions: BCS**\\ |
| For BCS, we count as prominent the syllable that carries the rightmost high tone in the word. For the purposes of the database, we transformed the traditional accent representations to those relevant for us. We underline the prominent vowel. \\ | For BCS, we count as prominent the syllable that carries the (rightmost) high tone in the word. For the purposes of the database, we transformed the traditional accent representations to those relevant for us. We underline the prominent vowel. \\ |
| If there is a ''falling accent'' (//kȕća// 'house', prȃvda 'justice') the stressed syllable is prominent (e.g. pȁdati is p__a__dati 'to fall', pȁdām is p__a__dam 'I fall', mȍlīm is m__o__lim 'to ask', kûmīm is k__u__mim, kȃrtati is k__a__rtati, kȃrtām is k__a__rtam).\\ | If there is a ''falling accent'' (//kȕća// 'house', //prȃvda// 'justice') the stressed syllable is prominent (e.g. //pȁdati// is //p__a__dati// 'to fall', //pȁdām// is //p__a__dam// 'I fall', //mȍlīm// is m__o__lim 'to ask', //kûmīm// is //k__u__mim//, kȃrtati is //k__a__rtati//, //kȃrtām// is //k__a__rtam//).\\ |
| If there is a ''rising accent'' (rúka 'hand') the syllable following the stressed syllable is prominent (gráditi is grad__i__ti 'to build', lòmiti is lom__i__ti 'to break', lòmīm is lom__i__m 'I break', nàpadati is nap__a__dati 'to attack', nàpadām is nap__a__dam 'I attack', mòliti is mol__i__ti 'to ask', zàmolim is zam__o__lim 'I ask'). | If there is a ''rising accent'' (//rúka// 'arm', //nòga// 'leg'), the syllable following the stressed syllable is prominent (gráditi is //grad__i__ti// 'to build', //lòmiti// is //lom__i__ti// 'to break', //lòmīm// is //lom__i__m// 'I break', //nàpadati// is //nap__a__dati// 'to attack', //nàpadām// is //nap__a__dam// 'I attack', //mòliti// is //mol__i__ti// 'to ask', //zàmolim// is //zam__o__lim// 'I ask'). |
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| If a form can have more than one common prosodic shape, all are entered, one by using 1, the next one using 2 etc. This means that some cells will have multiple numbers. Consider the verb// kòristiti// and //korístiti// 'to use' -- 1 is used to describe //kòristiti// (1 is entered in all the relevant columns) and 2 for //korístiti// (2 is in all the relevant columns). This means that column 3 for Present Tense Prominence has a 1 and a 2 (because both forms have prominence on the same syllable: kòristimo and //kòrīstimo//). | If a form can have more than one common prosodic shape, all are entered, one by using 1, the next one using 2 etc. This means that some cells will have multiple numbers. Consider the verb// kòristiti// and //korístiti// 'to use' -- 1 is used to describe //kòristiti// (1 is entered in all the relevant columns) and 2 for //korístiti// (2 is in all the relevant columns). This means that column 3 for Present Tense Prominence has a 1 and a 2 (because both forms have prominence on the same syllable: //kòristīmo// and //kòrīstīmo//). |
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| ^verb^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^- ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ | ^verb^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^- ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ |
| |koristiti| | |2|1 |-| | | 12 | | | |koristiti| 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | |
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| As for [[length|Length]], Columns 3 for the Infinitive and for the Present Tense will have a 2, because //korístiti// only has a long syllable at the end of the stem. | As for [[length|Length]], Columns 3 for the Infinitive and for the Present Tense will have a 2, because only |
| | the version //korístiti// has a long syllable at the end of the base. |
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| **Language specific instructions: Slovenian**\\ | **Language specific instructions: Slovenian**\\ |
| Slovenian verbs were only anotated for placement of pitch accent and not for, e.g., tone. The annotation reflects the intuition of the annotators (native speakers of Slovenian) and the prominence marked in [[https://fran.si/iskanje?FilteredDictionaryIds=133&View=1&Query=%2A|SSKJ2]]. When the two don’t match, the verb is annotated as having two stress patterns - the one marked with 1 is assumed (by the annotators) to be more common than the one marked with 2. If inflectional stress (i.e., position 1) is possible only in some persons and it is marked, this pattern was ignored. \\Example below shows annotation for the verb vprAš-a-ti/vpraš-A-ti 'to ask' (stress on the root was considered more common). There is no variation in the present form in this case. | Slovenian verbs were only anotated for placement of stress and not for, e.g., tone. The annotation reflects the intuition of the annotators (native speakers of Slovenian) and the prominence marked in [[https://fran.si/iskanje?FilteredDictionaryIds=133&View=1&Query=%2A|SSKJ2]]. When the two don’t match, the verb is annotated as having two stress patterns - the one marked with 1 is assumed (by the annotators) to be more common than the one marked with 2. If inflectional stress (i.e., position 1) is possible only in some persons and it is perceived as marked, this pattern was ignored. |
| | \\ Example below shows annotation for the verb //vprAš-a-ti/vpraš-A-ti// 'to ask' (stress on the root was considered more common). There is no variation in the present form in this case. |
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| ^verb^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^- ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ | ^verb^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^- ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ |
| |vprašati| | 2 |1 | |-| | | 1 | | | |vprašati| 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
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